Anatomy and Physiology Essay Essays

Anatomy and Physiology Essay Essays Anatomy and Physiology Essay Essay Anatomy and Physiology Essay Essay Activity 1: Tissue Types 1-1: List the four types of tissue found in the human organic structure and give an illustration of each. 1. Epithelial illustration: Skin 2. Connective illustration: Tendons3. Muscle illustration: Muscles of bosom 4. Nervous illustration: Brain Activity 2: Epithelial tissue 2-1: What are the features of epithelial tissue? Polarity. Specialized contacts. Supported of connective tissue. Avascular but innervated. Regeneration 2-2: What is the map of epithelial tissue? protection. soaking up. filtration. secernment. elimination. centripetal response 2-3: Where is epithelial tissue found? Outer bed of tegument. lines the unfastened pits of the cardiovascular. digestive. and respiratory system. besides covers the walls and variety meats of the closed ventral organic structure pit 2-4: This is a transverse subdivision of the gorge. Number 1 represents the lmsof the gorge. Identify the tissue types indicated by 2 and 3. 2. Stratified squamous epithel 3. Dense irregular connective tissue 2-5: Below is a image of enteric villi. Identify the tissue type at 1 and the cell type at 3. 1. Simple columnar epithelial tissue 3. Goblet cells 2-6: Below is a exposure of the windpipe. Identify the cell alterations at 1. and the tissue types at 2 and 3. 1. cillia 2. Pseudostratified epithelial bed 3. Pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue 2-7: Identify the tissue type at 1 below: Simple columnar epithelial tissue 2-8: The image below shows kidney tubules. Identify the tissue type at 1 and 3: 1. Outer wall composed of simple cubelike epithelial tissue 3. Nucleus of a simple cubelike epithelial cell 2-9: The image below shows a cross-section of a lung. The countries labeled 2 are alveoli. the air pouch of the lungs. What type tissue is 1? Simple squamous epithelial tissue 2-10: Identify the tissue or cell types or constituent below. 1. ( tissue type ) Epithelium2. ( tissue type ) Lamina Propia3. Cillia4. Mucin in globlet cell5. Cilliated cells of pseudostratified epithelial tissue Activity 3: Connective tissue 3-1: What are the features of connective tissue? Common beginning. Degrees of vascularity. Extracelluar matrix 3-2: What are the maps of connective tissue? binding and support. protection. insularity. transit of substances within the organic structure 3-3: Where would you happen connective tissue? everyplace in the organic structure. largely in the primary tissue 3-4: The slide below is a subdivision of the little bowel. In this tissue. the collagen fibres are interlacing and irregularly arranged ( i. e. they run in more than one way ) . which provides great structural strength. The tissue is good suited for countries where tenseness is exerted from many different waies. such as the corium of the tegument. submucosa of the GI piece of land and hempen capsules of variety meats and articulations. It besides forms facia. the tough. white stuff that surrounds musculuss. What categorization of connective tissue is the country marked by 1? Dense guerrilla 3-5: The tissue below is a loose connective tissue comprised of a semi-fluid land substance incorporating several sorts of loosely-arranged fibres and cells. This is the most widespread type of connective tissue. It is found in every microscopic subdivision of the organic structure. fixing down the tegument. membranes. vass and nervousnesss every bit good as adhering musculuss and other parts together. There are two types of fibres. the most legion of which are thicker. lightly-staining collagenic fibres that crisscross the matrix in a random manner. Thinner. more darkly stained elastic fibres composed of the protein elastin can besides be seen. The chief type of cells seen are lightly-staining fibroblasts that secrete the matrix stuffs. Identify: 1. Fibroblast karyon2. Collagen Fiber3. Elastic Fibers 3-6: This slide shows a subdivision of a sinew with on a regular basis arranged closely jammed collagen fibres running in the same way. This consequences in a flexible tissue with great opposition to drawing forces. With its tremendous tensile strength. this tissue forms cord like sinews. which join musculuss to castanetss. sheet-like aponeuroses. which attach musculuss to musculuss or musculuss to castanetss. and ligaments. which bind castanetss together at articulations. What categorization of connective tissue is this? Dense habitue The karyon of the cells that secrete the collagen fibres are indicated by the figure 1. What type cells are these? Collagen Fibers 3-7: The cells of the connective tissue pictured below in a cross subdivision from the windpipe are specialized for fat storage and do non organize land substance or fibres. On prepared slides. this type tissue appears slightly like a fish cyberspace with white infinites connected together in a web. The cytol and karyons have been pushed to one side by a individual. big. fat-filled vacuole that occupies the centre of the cell. Identify: 1. Cell membrane2. Cell nucleus3. Fat Vacuoles 3-8: The slide below shows a subdivision of the windpipe ( trachea ) . Ringss of hyaloid gristle embedded within the walls of the windpipe provide support and aid to keep an unfastened air passage. Hyaline gristle is the most common signifier of gristle in the organic structure. doing up portion of the olfactory organ. linking ribs to the breastbone and covering the jointing surfaces of castanetss. When sectioned and stained. the matrix of hyaloid gristle takes on a light purple colour. Cartilage-forming cells called chondroblasts produce this matrix. which consists of an formless land substance to a great extent invested with collagen fibres. Chondrocytes ( mature gristle cells ) can be seen singly or in groups within infinites in the matrix called blank. The surface of all gristle ( except for articular gristle ) is covered by a membrane of connective tissue fibres called the perichondrium. Although the perichondrium is well-vascularized. gristle tissue proper is avascular. which m eans that O and foods have to spread from blood vass in the perichondrium to the chondrocytes within the gristle proper. Identify: 1. Cartilage matrix2. Chondrocytes3. Perichondrium4. Adipose cells( Hint for 4: see old slide ) 3-9: This image shows a dried subdivision of compact bone. Like gristle. bone cells ( osteocytes ) occupy infinites ( blank ) found within the dense matrix. A major difference. nevertheless. is that the matrix is calcified in bone. which endows bone with the belongings of hardness and the ability to defy compressive forces. This calcified matrix is deposited in beds called gill ( remarkable = gill ) about 3-7 micrometers midst. The most common unit of construction in compact bone is the Haversian system or osteon. In each Haversian system. the gill are arranged concentrically around a cardinal Haversian canal which houses nervousnesss and blood vass ( unlike gristle. bone is good supplied with blood vass ) . The blank that house mature osteocytes in populating bone appear as tapering. black infinites arranged around the homocentric gill. Slender. ramification tubules called canaliculi ( â€Å"little canals† ) radiate out from the blank to organize an extended web of passageway s that connect the bone cells to each other and to the blood supply in the Haversian canal. Identify: 1. Lacunae2. Haversian canal3. Lamellae 3-10: What type connective tissue is pictured below? Blood 3-11: What is the matrix of this connective tissue? plasma. no fibres 3-12: What are the populating cells of this connective tissue? Erythocytes. Leukocytes. Platelets 3-13: What is the map of this connective tissue? Carry O2. CO2. foods. wastes. and other substances 3-14: Identify:1. thrombocytes2. neutrophils3. lymph cells4. erthocytes5. monocytes Activity 4: Muscle tissue 4-1: What are the features of musculus tissue? Conductivity. Contractility. Extensibility. Elasticity The image below shows a longitudinal position of a type of musculus. Note the multiple karyon that lie at the fringe of the musculus fibres every bit good as the striations ( thin lines ) formed by the agreement of the midst and thin myofilaments. It is the agreement of these myofilaments that consequences in the A set. I sets and Z lines that run perpendicular to the long axis of the sarcostyles. 4-2: What type musculus tissue is this? Skeletal 4-3: Is this type musculus voluntary or nonvoluntary? Voluntary4-4: What is its map? motive power. use of the enviroment. facial look. voluntary control4-5: Identify: 1. Muscle cell karyon 2. Muscle fibre Although the musculus below is striated. the striations are non so readily evident as in the musculus above. These musculus cells are short. branched and interconnected. Each cell normally contains one centrally located karyon. These musculus cells are joined end-to-end at specialised junctional zones called intercalated phonograph record [ pointed to by the blue arrows ] . These discs allow force to be transmitted from one cell to another. Additionally. they contain gap junctions that allow an action potency in one cell to go through straight to an adjoining cell through these electrical synapses. 4-6: What type musculus tissue is this? Cardiac 4-7: Is it voluntary. or nonvoluntary? nonvoluntary 4-8: Where is it found? in the walls of the bosom 4-9: This slide shows a longitudinal subdivision of musculus that has been teased apart to uncover the single musculus cells. Note the spindle shaped musculus fibres. each of which has a individual. elongated nucleus. This type musculus is the simplest of the three types of musculus tissue. It is found where slow. sustained contractions are needed such as in the digestive piece of land. womb and other internal variety meats. Involuntary in nature. its actions are under control of the autonomic nervous system. What type musculus is this? Smooth 4-10: The image below is a close-up position of a individual cell from above. Identify 1: Nucleus 4-11: This slide shows a transverse subdivision of the duodenum ( a part of the little bowel ) . Note that there are two comparatively thick beds of smooth musculus cells that run perpendicular to one another. an outer ( dilutant ) longitudinal bed and an inner ( much thicker ) round bed of smooth musculus. Peristaltic contractions of these two opposing beds of musculus maintain nutrient traveling through the intestine. 1. Submucosal connective tissue2. Round smooth musculus bed3. Longitudinal smooth musculus bed Activity 5: Nervous tissue 5-1: Name the functional cell of nervous tissue. Nerve cells 5-2: The slide below shows a exaggerated position of a multipolar nerve cell from the spinal cord. Note the cell organic structure with its outstanding karyon and nucleole and the beginning of cell procedures called axons and dendrites. The legion little. darkly stained points are the karyon of glial cells. chiefly astrocytes.

How to Conjugate the Verb Sapere in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Sapere in Italian â€Å"Sapere† is often one of the first verbs Italian language students learn, because learning how to say â€Å"I don’t know (non lo so) in the midst of lots of fast speech is essential. So, in this article, you can expand your knowledge of this verb with examples and all of its conjugations. Definition of Sapere To knowTo know how toTo be aware ofTo learn Sapere Conjugation Sapere can be a transitive verb, which requires a direct object, and an intransitive verb, which does not. In both forms, it is conjugated with the auxiliary verb avere.The infinito is sapere.The participio passato is saputo.The gerund form is sapendo.The past gerund form is avendo saputo. Indicativo/Indicative Il presente io so noi sappiamo tu sai voi sapete lui, lei, Lei sa Essi, Loro sanno Esempi: Non lo so. I don’t know.Mi sa dire dov’à ¨ la Piazza di Pietra?  Can you let me know where Piazza di Pietra is? Il passato prossimo io ho saputo noi abbiamo saputo tu hai saputo voi avete saputo lui, lei, Lei, ha saputo loro, essi hanno saputo Esempi: E poi ho saputo che mi aveva detto un sacco di bugie! And then I found out that he had told me a ton of lies!Hanno saputo che il museo era chiuso subito dopo aveva iniziato a piovere. They found out the museum was closed right after it started to rain. L’imperfetto io sapevo noi sapevamo tu sapevi voi sapevate lui, lei, Lei sapeva loro, essi sapevano Esempi: Non sapevo cosa dovevo fare! I didn’t know what I should do!Linda sapeva suonare la chitarra quando aveva sette anni, ma ha dimenticato tutto. Linda knew how to play the guitar when she was seven years old, but she has forgotten everything. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo saputo noi avevamo saputo tu avevi saputo voi avevate saputo lui, lei, Lei aveva saputo loro, essi avevano saputo Esempi: Aveva saputo che sarei venutoa a Roma. He had heard that I would be coming to Rome.Mi disse che avevate saputo quello che era successo. She told me that you all heard what had happened. Il passato remoto io seppi noi sapemmo tu sapesti voi sapeste lui, lei, Lei seppe loro, essi seppero Esempi: Non seppi nà ¨ leggere nà ¨ scrivere fino alla maggiore et. I didn’t know how to read nor how to write till I was 18.Nessuno seppe che ero partito. No one knew that I had left. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi saputo noi avemmo saputo tu avesti saputo voi aveste saputo lui, lei, Lei ebbe saputo loro, essi ebbero saputo This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it only in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io sapr noi sapremo tu saprai voi saprete lui, lei, Lei sapr loro, essi sapranno Esempi: Ti farà ² sapere non appena ne saprà ² di pià ¹. I’ll let you know as soon as I find out more about it.Spero che queste persone sapranno arrivare al ristorante! Noi ci siamo persi. I hope these people will manage to get to the restaurant! We got lost! Il futuro anteriore io avr saputo noi avremo saputo tu avrai saputo voi avrete saputo lui, lei, Lei avr saputo loro, essi avranno saputo Esempi: Deciderà ² quando avrà ² saputo come à ¨ andata tutta la faccenda! I’ll make a decision as soon as I know the matter went.Sicuramente avranno saputo del tuo viaggio per l’Italia! Surely they will have heard about your trip through  Italy! Congiuntivo/Subjunctive Il presente che io sappia che noi sappiamo che tu sappia che voi sappiate che lui, lei, Lei sappia che loro, essi sappiano Esempi: Non credo che tu non sappia la verit! I can’t believe that you don’t know the truth.Penso che sappiano suonare gli strumenti, avevano una banda cinque anni fa! I think they know how to play instruments, they had a band five years ago. Il passato io abbia saputo noi abbiamo saputo tu abbia saputo voi abbiate saputo lui, lei, Lei abbia saputo loro, essi abbiano saputo Esempi: Suppongo non abbiano saputo le notizie di oggi. I suppose they hadn’t heard today’s news.Peccato che non abbia saputo che fossimo qua, ieri sera ci avrebbe potuto raggiungere per cena. It’s a shame that he didn’t know we were here, he could have caught up with us for dinner last night. L’imperfetto io sapessi noi sapessimo tu sapessi voi sapeste lui, lei, Lei sapesse loro, essi sapessero Esempi: Non sapevo che pure lui sapesse la verit! Che brutta figura! I didn’t know that he also knew the truth! How embarrassing!Scusa! Pensavo che tu sapessi come si usa il metro a Roma, altrimenti te lo avrei detto prima. Sorry! I thought that you knew how one uses the metro in Rome, otherwise, I would have told you about it  first. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi saputo noi avessimo saputo tu avessi saputo voi aveste saputo lui, lei, Lei avesse saputo loro, essi avessero saputo Esempi: Se io avessi saputo cantare, sarei andato su quel palco scenico. If I had known how to sing, I would have gone up on that stage.Se avessimo saputo le notizie di Giulia prima, non le avremmo detto del matrimonio di Roberto! If we had heard Giulia’s news first, we wouldn’t have told her about Roberto’s wedding! Condizionale/Conditional Il presente io saprei noi sapremmo tu sapresti voi sapreste lui, lei, Lei saprebbe te loro, essi saprebbero Esempi: Se solo avessi frequentato le lezioni di piano, adesso saprei come suonarlo! If only I had  been attending piano lessons, I would know how to play it now!Insegnare una lingua? Sembra qualcosa che Rachele saprebbe fare! Teaching a language? It seems like something Rachel would know how to do. Il passato io avrei saputo noi avremmo saputo tu avresti saputo voi avreste saputo lui, lei, Lei avrebbe saputo loro, Loro avrebbero saputo Se avessi detto il segreto a Marco, poi tutto il mondo l’avrebbe saputo! If you had told Marco the secret, then the whole world would have found out about it.Carlotta, scusa, ma sono confusa e Rachele mi ha detto che avresti saputo cosa fare. Carlotta, sorry, but I’m confused and Rachel told me that you would know what to do.